Vanilloid receptor ligands and their use in treatments

ABSTRACT

Substituted pyridines and pyrimidines and compositions containing them, for the treatment of acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, dental pain, general headache, migraine, cluster headache, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, tension headache, general inflammation, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, inflammatory or unstable bladder disorders, psoriasis, skin complaints with inflammatory components, chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, neuropathic pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic neuropathy pain, causalgia, sympathetically maintained pain, deafferentation syndromes, asthma, epithelial tissue damage or dysfunction, herpes simplex, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions, pruritus, vitiligo, general gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulceration, duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, gastric lesions induced by necrotising agents, hair growth, vasomotor or allergic rhinitis, bronchial disorders or bladder disorders.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/609,718, filed Sep. 13, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) is the molecular target of capsaicin, the active ingredient in hot peppers. Julius et al. reported the molecular cloning of VR1 (Caterina et al., 1997). VR1 is a non-selective cation channel which is activated or sensitized by a series of different stimuli including capsaicin and resiniferatoxin (exogenous activators), heat & acid stimulation and products of lipid bilayer metabolism, anandamide (Premkumar et al., 2000, Szabo et al., 2000, Gauldie et al., 2001, Olah et al., 2001) and lipoxygenase metabolites (Hwang et al., 2000). VR1 is highly expressed in primary sensory neurons (Caterina et al., 1997) in rats, mice and humans (Onozawa et al., 2000, Mezey et al., 2000, Helliwell et al., 1998, Cortright et al., 2001). These sensory neurons innervate many visceral organs including the dermis, bones, bladder, gastrointestinal tract and lungs; VR1 is also expressed in other neuronal and non-neuronal tissues including but not limited to, CNS nuclei, kidney, stomach and T-cells (Nozawa et al., 2001, Yiangou et al., 2001, Birder et al., 2001). Presumably expression in these various cells and organs may contribute to their basic properties such as cellular signaling and cell division.

Prior to the molecular cloning of VR1, experimentation with capsaicin indicated the presence of a capsaicin sensitive receptor, which could increase the activity of sensory neurons in humans, rats and mice (Holzer, 1991; Dray, 1992, Szallasi and Blumberg 1996, 1999). The results of acute activation by capsaicin in humans was pain at injection site and in other species increased behavioral sensitivity to sensory stimuli (Szallasi and Blumberg, 1999). Capsaicin application to the skin in humans causes a painful reaction characterized not only by the perception of heat and pain at the site of administration but also by a wider area of hyperalgesia and allodynia, two characteristic symptoms of the human condition of neuropathic pain (Holzer, 1991). Taken together, it seems likely that increased activity of VR1 plays a significant role in the establishment and maintenance of pain conditions. Topical or intradermal injection of capsaicin has also been shown to produce localized vasodilation and edema production (Szallasi and Blumberg 1999, Singh et al., 2001). This evidence indicates that capsaicin through it's activation of VR1 can regulate afferent and efferent function of sensory nerves. Sensory nerve involvement in diseases could therefore be modified by molecules which effect the function of the vanilloid receptor to increase or decrease the activity of sensory nerves.

VR1 gene knockout mice have been shown to have reduced sensory sensitivity to thermal and acid stimuli (Caterina et al., 2000)). This supports the concept that VR1 contributes not only to generation of pain responses (i.e. via thermal, acid or capsaicin stimuli) but also to the maintenance of basal activity of sensory nerves. This evidence agrees with studies demonstrating capsaicin sensitive nerve involvement in disease. Primary sensory nerves in humans and other species can be made inactive by continued capsaicin stimulation. This paradigm causes receptor activation induced desensitization of the primary sensory nerve—such reduction in sensory nerve activity in vivo makes subjects less sensitive to subsequent painful stimuli. In this regard both capsaicin and resinferatoxin (exogenous activators of VR1), produce desensitization and they have been used for many proof of concept studies in in vivo models of disease (Holzer, 1991, Dray 1992, Szallasi and Blumberg 1999).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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SUMMARY

The present invention comprises a new class of compounds useful in the treatment of diseases, such as vanilloid-receptor-mediated diseases and other maladies, such as inflammatory or neuropathic pain and diseases involving sensory nerve function such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, urinary incontinence, migraine and psoriasis. In particular, the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, dental pain, general headache, migraine, cluster headache, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, tension headache, general inflammation, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, inflammatory or unstable bladder disorders, psoriasis, skin complaints with inflammatory components, chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, neuropathic pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic neuropathy pain, causalgia, sympathetically maintained pain, deafferentation syndromes, asthma, epithelial tissue damage or dysfunction, herpes simplex, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions, pruritus, vitiligo, general gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulceration, duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, gastric lesions induced by necrotising agents, hair growth, vasomotor or allergic rhinitis, bronchial disorders or bladder disorders. Accordingly, the invention also comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods for the treatment of vanilloid-receptor-mediated diseases, such as inflammatory or neuropathic pain, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, urinary incontinence, migraine and psoriasis diseases, using the compounds and compositions of the invention, and intermediates and processes useful for the preparation of the compounds of the invention.

The compounds of the invention are represented by the following general structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein J, R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, X and Y are defined below.

The foregoing merely summarizes certain aspects of the invention and is not intended, nor should it be construed, as limiting the invention in any way. All patents, patent applications and other publications recited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One aspect of the current invention relates to compounds having the general structure:

or any pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein:

J is NH, O or S;

X is N or C(R²);

Y is N or C(R²), wherein at least one of X and Y is N;

n is independently, at each instance, 0, 1 or 2;

R¹ is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(g), R^(c), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I;

R² is, independently, in each instance, R^(d), halo, C₁₋₈alkyl substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents selected from R^(d), halo, —(CH₂)_(n)phenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(d) and halo, or a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring heterocycle containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, wherein no more than 2 of the ring members are O or S, wherein the heterocycle is optionally fused with a phenyl ring, and the heterocycle or fused phenyl ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(d) and halo;

R³ is

-   -   (A) C₁₋₈alkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents         independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(i),         —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i),         —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i),         —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i),         —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i),         —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i),         —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(f), —OR^(g),         —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f),         —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f),         —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e),         —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e),         —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e),         —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e),         —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f),         and additionally substituted by 0, 1 or 2 R^(i) groups, and         additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents         independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; or     -   (B) a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or         7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered         bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N,         O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are         substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring         is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently         selected from R^(e), R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(e),         —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f),         —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f),         —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e),         —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e),         —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e),         —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e),         —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f),         and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5         substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; or     -   (C) —N(R^(a))—C₁₋₈alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₈alkyl is substituted by         1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(h), halo,         nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i),         —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i),         —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i),         —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i),         —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR¹, —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i),         —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i),         —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f),         —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g),         —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl,         —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g),         —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f),         —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f),         —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and         —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3,         4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I;         or     -   (D) —OC₁₋₈alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₈alkyl is substituted by 1, 2 or         3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(h), halo,         nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i),         —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i),         —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR_(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i),         —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i),         —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i),         —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i),         —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f),         —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g),         —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl,         —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g),         —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f),         —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f),         —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and         —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3,         4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I;         or     -   (E) C₄₋₈alkyl, cyano, —OC₃₋₈alkyl, —OR^(i), —SR^(i),         —N(R^(a))R^(i), —NHC₄₋₈alkyl, or —N(C₁₋₈alkyl)C₄₋₈alkyl;

R⁴ is a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; wherein R⁴ is not indazolyl;

R⁵ is H or CH₃;

R^(a) is independently, at each instance, H or R^(b);

R^(b) is independently, at each instance, phenyl, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyl, the phenyl, benzyl and C₁₋₆alkyl being substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, —OC₁₋₄alkyl, —NH₂, —NHC₁₋₄alkyl, —N(C₁₋₄alkyl)C₁₋₄alkyl;

R^(c) is independently, in each instance, phenyl substituted by 0, 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, —OR^(a) and —NR^(a)R^(a); or R^(c) is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring heterocycle containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, wherein no more than 2 of the ring members are O or S, wherein the heterocycle is optionally fused with a phenyl ring, and the carbon atoms of the heterocycle are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo or thioxo groups, wherein the heterocycle or fused phenyl ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, —OR^(a) and —NR^(a)R^(a);

R^(d) is independently in each instance selected from H, C₁₋₅alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); or R^(d) is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein there are no more than 2 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from R^(e), halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R_(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); or R^(d) is C₁₋₄alkyl substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from C₁₋₄haloalkyl, halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂ ₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h), —N^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h);

R^(e) is, independently, in each instance, C₁₋₉alkyl or C₁₋₄alkyl(phenyl) wherein either is substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents selected from halo, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(a), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(a), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(a), —OR^(a), —OC(═O)R^(a), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(a), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(a), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(a), —OC₂₋₆, OR^(a), —SR^(a), —S(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(a), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(a), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(a), —NR^(a)R^(a), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(a), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(a), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(a), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(a), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(a), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(a), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(a) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(a); and wherein the C₁₋₉alkyl is additionally substituted by 0 or 1 groups independently selected from R^(h) and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I;

R^(f) is, independently, in each instance, R^(e) or H;

R^(g) is, independently, in each instance, a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from N, O and S, so long as the combination of O and S atoms is not greater than 2, wherein the ring is substituted by 0 or 1 oxo or thioxo groups;

R^(h) is, independently, in each instance, phenyl or a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from N, O and S, so long as the combination of O and S atoms is not greater than 2, wherein the ring is substituted by 0 or 1 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the phenyl or monocycle are substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(f), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(e), —(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f); and

R^(i) is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is a heterocycle selected from the group of thiophene, pyrrole, 1,3-oxazole, 1,3-thiazol-4-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, isothiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,3,4-oxatriazole, 1,2,3,4-thiatriazole, 1H-1,2,3,4-tetraazole, 1,2,3,5-oxatriazole, 1,2,3,5-thiatriazole, furan, imidazol-2-yl, benzimidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, isoxazole, pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, pyrazol-5-yl, thiolane, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, 4,5-dihydrothiophene, 2-pyrroline, 4,5-dihydrofuran, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine, pyridine, 2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran, thiane, 1,2-diazaperhydroine, 1,3-diazaperhydroine, piperazine, 1,3-oxazaperhydroine, morpholine, 1,3-thiazaperhydroine, 1,4-thiazaperhydroine, piperidine, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran, 2,3-dihydro-4H-thiin, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran, 2,3-dihydro-6H-thiin, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, 4H-pyran, 4H-thiin, 1,4-dihydropyridine, 1,4-dithiane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,4-oxathiane, 1,2-oxazolidine, 1,2-thiazolidine, pyrazolidine, 1,3-oxazolidine, 1,3-thiazolidine, imidazolidine, 1,2,4-oxadiazolidine, 1,3,4-oxadiazolidine, 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine, 1,3,4-thiadiazolidine, 1,2,4-triazolidine, 2-imidazolin-1-yl, 2-imidazolin-2-yl, 3-imidazoline, 2-pyrazoline, 4-imidazoline, 2,3-dihydroisothiazole, 4,5-dihydroisoxazole, 4,5-dihydroisothiazole, 2,5-dihydroisoxazole, 2,5-dihydroisothiazole, 2,3-dihydroisoxazole, 4,5-dihydrooxazole, 2,3-dihydrooxazole, 2,5-dihydrooxazole, 4,5-dihydrothiazole, 2,3-dihydrothiazole, 2,5-dihydrothiazole, 1,3,4-oxathiazolidine, 1,4,2-oxathiazolidine, 2,3-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazole, 2,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazole, 4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]triazole, 4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]triazole, 2,3-dihydro-[1,2,4]oxadiazole, 2,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]oxadiazole, 4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]thiadiazole, 2,3-dihydro-[1,2,4]thiadiazole, 2,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]thiadiazole, 4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]thiadiazole, 2,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]oxadiazole, 2,3-dihydro-[1,2,4]oxadiazole, 4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]oxadiazole, 2,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]thiadiazole, 2,3-dihydro-[1,2,4]thiadiazole, 4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]thiadiazole, 2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]oxadiazole, 2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]thiadiazole, [1,4,2]oxathiazole, [1,3,4]oxathiazole, 1,3,5-triazaperhydroine, 1,2,4-triazaperhydroine, 1,4,2-dithiazaperhydroine, 1,4,2-dioxazaperhydroine, 1,3,5-oxadiazaperhydroine, 1,2,5-oxadiazaperhydroine, 1,3,4-thiadiazaperhydroine, 1,3,5-thiadiazaperhydroine, 1,2,5-thiadiazaperhydroine, 1,3,4-oxadiazaperhydroine, 1,4,3-oxathiazaperhydroine, 1,4,2-oxathiazaperhydroine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridazine, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazine, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazine, 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2]oxazine, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2]oxazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2]oxazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,2]oxazine, 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2]thiazine, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2]thiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2]thiazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,2]thiazine, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3]oxazine, 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,3]oxazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3]oxazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,3]oxazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazine, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3]thiazine, 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,3]thiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3]thiazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,3]thiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,4]thiazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]thiazine, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[1,3,5]triazine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazine, 5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]dioxazine, 5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]dithiazine, 2,3-dihydro-[1,4,2]dioxazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,3,4]oxadiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3,4]oxadiazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,3,5]oxadiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3,5]oxadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2,5]oxadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2,5]oxadiazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,3,4]thiadiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3,4]thiadiazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,3,5]thiadiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,3,5]thiadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2,5]thiadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2,5]thiadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2,3]oxadiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2,5]oxadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,3,4]oxadiazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,2,5]oxadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2,3]thiadiazine, 3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,2,5]thiadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,3,4]thiadiazine, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,2,5]thiadiazine, 5,6-dihydro-[1,4,3]oxathiazine, 5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]oxathiazine, 2,3-dihydro-[1,4,3]oxathiazine, 2,3-dihydro-[1,4,2]oxathiazine, 3,4-dihydropyridine, 1,2-dihydropyridine, 5,6-dihydropyridine, 2H-pyran, 2H-thiin, 3,6-dihydropyridine, 2,3-dihydropyridazine, 2,5-dihydropyridazine, 4,5-dihydropyridazine, 1,2-dihydropyridazine, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-6-yl, 2,3-dihydropyrimidine, 2,5-dihydropyrimidine, 5,6-dihydropyrimidine, 3,6-dihydropyrimidine, 5,6-dihydropyrazine, 3,6-dihydropyrazine, 4,5-dihydropyrazine, 1,4-dihydropyrazine, 1,4-dithiin, 1,4-dioxin, 2H-1,2-oxazine, 6H-1,2-oxazine, 4H-1,2-oxazine, 2H-1,3-oxazine, 4H-1,3-oxazine, 6H-1,3-oxazine, 2H-1,4-oxazine, 4H-1,4-oxazine, 2H-1,3-thiazine, 2H-1,4-thiazine, 4H-1,2-thiazine, 6H-1,3-thiazine, 4H-1,4-thiazine, 2H-1,2-thiazine, 6H-1,2-thiazine, 1,4-oxathiin, 2H,5H-1,2,3-triazine, 1H,4H-1,2,3-triazine, 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3-triazine, 1H,6H-1,2,3-triazine, 1,2-dihydro-1,2,3-triazine, 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine, 3H,6H-1,2,4-triazine, 1H,6H-1,2,4-triazine, 3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine, 1H,4H-1,2,4-triazine, 5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine, 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine, 2H,5H-1,2,4-triazine, 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine, 1H,4H-1,3,5-triazine, 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4,2-dithiazine, 1,4,2-dioxazine, 2H-1,3,4-oxadiazine, 2H-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 6H-1,2,5-oxadiazine, 4H-1,3,4-oxadiazine, 4H-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 4H-1,2,5-oxadiazine, 2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine, 6H-1,2,5-thiadiazine, 4H-1,3,4-thiadiazine, 4H-1,3,5-thiadiazine, 4H-1,2,5-thiadiazine, 2H-1,3,4-thiadiazine, 6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine, 6H-1,3,4-oxadiazine, and 1,4,2-oxathiazine, wherein the heterocycle is optionally vicinally fused with a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring containing 0, 1 or 2 atoms independently selected from N, O and S; wherein any of the heterocycles are substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I;

In one embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, J is NH or O.

In one embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, J is NH.

In one embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, J is O.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, X is N and Y is N.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, X is C(R²) and Y is N.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, X is N and Y is C(R²).

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆-alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the phenyl is additionally substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

Embodiment A: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is phenyl substituted in the 4-position by a substituent selected from R^(f), halo, or —OR^(e), and the phenyl is further substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR_(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the phenyl is additionally substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is phenyl substituted in the 4-position by a substituent selected from C₂₋₅alkyl or C₁₋₂haloalkyl and the phenyl is further substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the phenyl is additionally substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

Embodiment B: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is an unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic ring containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is an unsaturated 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 1 or 2 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR_(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is an unsaturated 5-membered monocyclic ring containing 1 or 2 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

Embodiment C: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is a saturated or partially saturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic ring containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is a saturated or partially saturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic ring containing 1 or 2 atoms selected from N and O, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R¹ is a saturated or partially saturated 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 1 or 2 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆OR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R² is, independently, in each instance, H, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents selected from R^(d) and halo.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R² is H.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R² is, independently, in each instance, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents selected from R^(d), halo, —(CH₂)_(n)phenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(d) and halo, or a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring heterocycle containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, wherein no more than 2 of the ring members are O or S, wherein the heterocycle is optionally fused with a phenyl ring, and the heterocycle or fused phenyl ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(d) and halo.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R² is, independently, in each instance, H, halo, C₁₋₅alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); or R² is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein there are no more than 2 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from R^(e), halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); or R² is C₁₋₄alkyl substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from C₁₋₄haloalkyl, halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h).

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R² is, independently, in each instance, halo, C₁₋₅alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); or R² is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein there are no more than 2 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from R^(e), halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR, —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); or R² is C₁₋₄alkyl substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from C₁₋₄haloalkyl, halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h).

Embodiment D: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R³ is C₁₋₈alkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(f), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1 or 2 R^(i) groups, and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

Embodiment E: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R³ is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

Embodiment F: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R³ is —N(R^(a))—C₁₋₈alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₈alkyl is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

Embodiment G: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R³ is —OC₁₋₈alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₈alkyl is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R³ is C₄₋₈alkyl, cyano, —OC₃₋₈alkyl, —OR^(i), —SR^(i), —N(R^(a))R^(i), —NHC₄₋₈alkyl, or —N(C₁₋₈alkyl)C₄₋₈alkyl.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

Embodiment H: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is an unsaturated 10-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is an saturated or partially saturated 10-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is an saturated or partially saturated 10-membered bicyclic carbocyclic ring substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

Embodiment I: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is naphthyl substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 9-membered bicyclic ring containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; wherein R⁴ is not indazolyl.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is a partially saturated or unsaturated 9-membered bicyclic ring containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; wherein R⁴ is not indazolyl.

Embodiment J: In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is a partially saturated or unsaturated 9-membered bicyclic ring containing 1 atom selected from O and S, and 1, 2 or 3 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is a partially saturated or unsaturated 9-membered bicyclic ring containing 1 O atom and 1 N atom, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR⁹, —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₅alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁴ is a partially saturated or unsaturated 9-membered bicyclic ring containing 1 S atom and 1 N atom, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.

In another embodiment, in conjunction with any one of the above and below embodiments, R⁵ is H.

As stated above, the above embodiments may be used in conjunction with other embodiments listed. The following table is a non-exclusive, non-limiting list some of the combinations of embodiments. Wherein J is NH, Y is N and X is N or CH:

Emb. # R¹ R³ R⁴ 1001 A D H 1002 B D H 1003 C D H 1004 A E H 1005 B E H 1006 C E H 1007 A F H 1008 B F H 1009 C F H 1010 A G H 1011 B G H 1012 C G H 1013 A D I 1014 B D I 1015 C D I 1016 A E I 1017 B E I 1018 C E I 1019 A F I 1020 B F I 1021 C F I 1022 A G I 1023 B G I 1024 C G I 1025 A D J 1026 B D J 1027 C D J 1028 A E J 1029 B E J 1030 C E J 1031 A F J 1032 B F J 1033 C F J 1034 A G J 1035 B G J 1036 C G J Wherein J is O, Y is N and X is N or CH:

Emb. # R¹ R³ R⁴ 2001 A D H 2002 B D H 2003 C D H 2004 A E H 2005 B E H 2006 C E H 2007 A F H 2008 B F H 2009 C F H 2010 A G H 2011 B G H 2012 C G H 2013 A D I 2014 B D I 2015 C D I 2016 A E I 2017 B E I 2018 C E I 2019 A F I 2020 B F I 2021 C F I 2022 A G I 2023 B G I 2024 C G I 2025 A D J 2026 B D J 2027 C D J 2028 A E J 2029 B E J 2030 C E J 2031 A F J 2032 B F J 2033 C F J 2034 A G J 2035 B G J 2036 C G J

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, dental pain, general headache, migraine, cluster headache, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, tension headache, general inflammation, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, inflammatory or unstable bladder disorders, psoriasis, skin complaints with inflammatory components, chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, neuropathic pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic neuropathy pain, causalgia, sympathetically maintained pain, deafferentation syndromes, asthma, epithelial tissue damage or dysfunction, herpes simplex, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions, pruritus, vitiligo, general gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulceration, duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, gastric lesions induced by necrotising agents, hair growth, vasomotor or allergic rhinitis, bronchial disorders or bladder disorders, comprising the step of administering a compound according to any of the above embodiments.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any of the above embodiments and a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a compound according to any of the above embodiments as a medicament.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a compound according to any of the above embodiments in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, dental pain, general headache, migraine, cluster headache, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, tension headache, general inflammation, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, inflammatory or unstable bladder disorders, psoriasis, skin complaints with inflammatory components, chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, neuropathic pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic neuropathy pain, causalgia, sympathetically maintained pain, deafferentation syndromes, asthma, epithelial tissue damage or dysfunction, herpes simplex, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions, pruritus, vitiligo, general gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulceration, duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, gastric lesions induced by necrotising agents, hair growth, vasomotor or allergic rhinitis, bronchial disorders or bladder disorders.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of making a compound according to the above embodiments, comprising the step of:

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of making a compound according to the above embodiments, comprising the step of: reacting

with R¹M to form

wherein M is B(OH)₂, SnBu₃, ZnCl, BF₃ ⁻, or MgBr.

The compounds of this invention may have in general several asymmetric centers and are typically depicted in the form of racemic mixtures. This invention is intended to encompass racemic mixtures, partially racemic mixtures and separate enantiomers and diasteromers.

Unless otherwise specified, the following definitions apply to terms found in the specification and claims:

-   “C_(α-β)alkyl” means an alkyl group comprising a minimum of a and a     maximum of β carbon atoms in a branched, cyclical or linear     relationship or any combination of the three, wherein α and β     represent integers. The alkyl groups described in this section may     also contain one or two double or triple bonds. Examples of     C₁₋₆alkyl include, but are not limited to the following:

-   “Benzo group”, alone or in combination, means the divalent radical     C₄H₄═, one representation of which is —CH═CH—CH═CH—, that when     vicinally attached to another ring forms a benzene-like ring—for     example tetrahydronaphthylene, indole and the like. -   The terms “oxo” and “thioxo” represent the groups ═O (as in     carbonyl) and ═S (as in thiocarbonyl), respectively. -   “Halo” or “halogen” means a halogen atoms selected from F, Cl, Br     and I. -   “C_(V-W)haloalkyl” means an alkyl group, as described above, wherein     any number—at least one—of the hydrogen atoms attached to the alkyl     chain are replaced by F, Cl, Br or I. -   “Heterocycle” means a ring comprising at least one carbon atom and     at least one other atom selected from N, O and S. Examples of     heterocycles that may be found in the claims include, but are not     limited to, the following:

-   “Available nitrogen atoms” are those nitrogen atoms that are part of     a heterocycle and are joined by two single bonds (e.g. piperidine),     leaving an external bond available for substitution by, for example,     H or CH₃. -   “Pharmaceutically-acceptable salt” means a salt prepared by     conventional means, and are well known by those skilled in the art.     The “pharmacologically acceptable salts” include basic salts of     inorganic and organic acids, including but not limited to     hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid,     methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, malic acid, acetic acid,     oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid,     succinic acid, maleic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid,     phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid and the like. When compounds of the     invention include an acidic function such as a carboxy group, then     suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cation pairs for the carboxy     group are well known to those skilled in the art and include     alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium, quaternary ammonium cations and     the like. For additional examples of “pharmacologically acceptable     salts,” see infra and Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 66:1 (1977). -   “Saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated” includes     substituents saturated with hydrogens, substituents completely     unsaturated with hydrogens and substituents partially saturated with     hydrogens. -   “Leaving group” generally refers to groups readily displaceable by a     nucleophile, such as an amine, a thiol or an alcohol nucleophile.     Such leaving groups are well known in the art. Examples of such     leaving groups include, but are not limited to,     N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxybenzotriazole, halides, triflates,     tosylates and the like. Preferred leaving groups are indicated     herein where appropriate. -   “Protecting group” generally refers to groups well known in the art     which are used to prevent selected reactive groups, such as carboxy,     amino, hydroxy, mercapto and the like, from undergoing undesired     reactions, such as nucleophilic, electrophilic, oxidation, reduction     and the like. Preferred protecting groups are indicated herein where     appropriate. Examples of amino protecting groups include, but are     not limited to, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl and     substituted cycloalkenyl alkyl, allyl, substituted allyl, acyl,     alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, silyl and the like. Examples of     aralkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, ortho-methylbenzyl,     trityl and benzhydryl, which can be optionally substituted with     halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, acylamino, acyl and the     like, and salts, such as phosphonium and ammonium salts. Examples of     aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, anthracenyl,     9-(9-phenylfluorenyl), phenanthrenyl, durenyl and the like. Examples     of cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylenylalkyl radicals,     preferably have 6-10 carbon atoms, include, but are not limited to,     cyclohexenyl methyl and the like. Suitable acyl, alkoxycarbonyl and     aralkoxycarbonyl groups include benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl,     iso-butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, substituted benzoyl, butyryl, acetyl,     trifluoroacetyl, trichloro acetyl, phthaloyl and the like. A mixture     of protecting groups can be used to protect the same amino group,     such as a primary amino group can be protected by both an aralkyl     group and an aralkoxycarbonyl group. Amino protecting groups can     also form a heterocyclic ring with the nitrogen to which they are     attached, for example, 1,2-bis(methylene)benzene, phthalimidyl,     succinimidyl, maleimidyl and the like and where these heterocyclic     groups can further include adjoining aryl and cycloalkyl rings. In     addition, the heterocyclic groups can be mono-, di- or     tri-substituted, such as nitrophthalimidyl. Amino groups may also be     protected against undesired reactions, such as oxidation, through     the formation of an addition salt, such as hydrochloride,     toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like. Many of the     amino protecting groups are also suitable for protecting carboxy,     hydroxy and mercapto groups. For example, aralkyl groups. Alkyl     groups are also suitable groups for protecting hydroxy and mercapto     groups, such as tert-butyl.

Silyl protecting groups are silicon atoms optionally substituted by one or more alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups. Suitable silyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)ethane and diphenylmethylsilyl. Silylation of an amino groups provide mono- or di-silylamino groups. Silylation of aminoalcohol compounds can lead to a N,N,O-trisilyl derivative. Removal of the silyl function from a silyl ether function is readily accomplished by treatment with, for example, a metal hydroxide or ammonium fluoride reagent, either as a discrete reaction step or in situ during a reaction with the alcohol group. Suitable silylating agents are, for example, trimethylsilyl chloride, tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl chloride, phenyldimethylsilyl chloride, diphenylmethyl silyl chloride or their combination products with imidazole or DMF. Methods for silylation of amines and removal of silyl protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art. Methods of preparation of these amine derivatives from corresponding amino acids, amino acid amides or amino acid esters are also well known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry including amino acid/amino acid ester or aminoalcohol chemistry.

Protecting groups are removed under conditions which will not affect the remaining portion of the molecule. These methods are well known in the art and include acid hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis and the like. A preferred method involves removal of a protecting group, such as removal of a benzyloxycarbonyl group by hydrogenolysis utilizing palladium on carbon in a suitable solvent system such as an alcohol, acetic acid, and the like or mixtures thereof. A t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group can be removed utilizing an inorganic or organic acid, such as HCl or trifluoroacetic acid, in a suitable solvent system, such as dioxane or methylene chloride. The resulting amino salt can readily be neutralized to yield the free amine. Carboxy protecting group, such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl, tert-butyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethyl and the like, can be removed under hydrolysis and hydrogenolysis conditions well known to those skilled in the art.

It should be noted that compounds of the invention may contain groups that may exist in tautomeric forms, such as cyclic and acyclic amidine and guanidine groups, heteroatom substituted heteroaryl groups (Y′═O, S, NR), and the like, which are illustrated in the following examples:

and though one form is named, described, displayed and/or claimed herein, all the tautomeric forms are intended to be inherently included in such name, description, display and/or claim.

Prodrugs of the compounds of this invention are also contemplated by this invention. A prodrug is an active or inactive compound that is modified chemically through in vivo physiological action, such as hydrolysis, metabolism and the like, into a compound of this invention following administration of the prodrug to a patient. The suitability and techniques involved in making and using prodrugs are well known by those skilled in the art. For a general discussion of prodrugs involving esters see Svensson and Tunek Drug Metabolism Reviews 165 (1988) and Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985). Examples of a masked carboxylate anion include a variety of esters, such as alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl), cycloalkyl (for example, cyclohexyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl), and alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl (for example, pivaloyloxymethyl). Amines have been masked as arylcarbonyloxymethyl substituted derivatives which are cleaved by esterases in vivo releasing the free drug and formaldehyde (Bungaard J. Med. Chem. 2503 (1989)). Also, drugs containing an acidic NH group, such as imidazole, imide, indole and the like, have been masked with N-acyloxymethyl groups (Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985)). Hydroxy groups have been masked as esters and ethers. EP 039,051 (Sloan and Little, Apr. 11, 1981) discloses Mannich-base hydroxamic acid prodrugs, their preparation and use.

The specification and claims contain listing of species using the language “selected from . . . and . . . ” and “is . . . or . . . ” (sometimes referred to as Markush groups). When this language is used in this application, unless otherwise stated it is meant to include the group as a whole, or any single members thereof, or any subgroups thereof. The use of this language is merely for shorthand purposes and is not meant in any way to limit the removal of individual elements or subgroups as needed.

Experimental

Unless otherwise noted, all materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. All parts are by weight and temperatures are in degrees centigrade unless otherwise indicated. All microwave assisted reactions were conducted with a Smith Synthesizer™ from Personal Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden, or with an Explorer® Automated Synthesis workstation from CEM Corp., Matthews, N.C. All compounds showed NMR spectra consistent with their assigned structures. Melting points were determined on a Buchi apparatus and are uncorrected. Mass spectral data was determined by electrospray ionization technique. All examples were purified to>90% purity as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Unless otherwise stated, reactions were run at room temperature.

The following abbreviations are used:

-   DMSO—dimethyl sulfoxide -   DMF—N,N-dimethylformamide -   THF—tetrahydrofuran -   Et₂O—diethyl ether -   EtOAc—ethyl acetate -   MeOH—methyl alcohol -   EtOH—ethyl alcohol -   MeCN—acetonitrile -   MeI—iodomethane -   NMP—1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone -   DCM—dichloromethane -   TFA—trifluoroacetic acid -   sat.—saturated -   h—hour -   min—minutes -   mL milliliters -   g grams -   mg milligrams     Generic Schemes for the Preparation of Pyridine Core (I):

Generic Schemes for the Preparation of Pyrimidine Core (II):

EXAMPLE 1

6-[4-(tert-Butyl)phenyl]-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

(a) 6-[4-(tert-Butyl)phenyl]-2,4-dichloropyrimidine.

To a 250-mL, round-bottomed flask containing 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (26 g, 0.14 mol, Aldrich) in CH₃CN (100 mL), was added 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid (7.2 g, 40 mmol, Aldrich), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (1.4 g, 1.2 mmol, Aldrich) and 10% aq. Na₂CO₃ (60 mL), and the mixture was heated at 90° C. with stirring under N₂ for 18 h. The reaction mixture was left to reach room temperature and was diluted with EtOAc (80 mL), CH₃CN (50 mL), and water (50 mL). The solid precipitate was filtered and dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (140 mL). The solution was washed with sat. NaCl (60 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (6:1 hexane/EtOAc) provided the title product. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 281 (M+1).

(b) 2H,3H-Benzo[e]1,4-dioxan-6-yl {6-[4-(tert-butyl)phenyl]-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl}amine.

To a 250-mL, round-bottomed flask containing a solution of 6-[4-(tert-butyl)phenyl]-2,4-dichloropyrimidine from step (a) above (3.0 g, 11 mmol) in a 1:1 EtOH/1,4-dioxane mixture (100 mL) was added 1,4-benzodioxane-6-amine (1.3 g, 8.6 mmol, Aldrich). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 18 h, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (6:1 hexane/EtOAc) provided the title product as an off-white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 396 (M+1).

(c) 6-[4-(tert-Butyl)phenyl]-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine.

To a 50-mL, round-bottomed flask containing 2H,3H-benzo[e]1,4-dioxan-6-yl {6-[4-(tert-butyl)phenyl]-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl}amine from step (b) above (0.13 g, 0.33 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) was added 4-methylpiperazine (58 μL, 0.53 mmol, Aldrich). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 6 h, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (3:3:1 hexane/EtOAc/MeOH) provided the title product as an oil. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 460 (M+1).

TABLE 1 The following examples were prepared from 2H,3H-benzo[e]1,4- dioxan-6-yl{6-[4-(tert-butyl)phenyl]-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl}amine (Example 1(b)) and commercially available amines according to the procedure described for the preparation of Example 1(c), or with slight modifications to that procedure. Melting Point Mass Spec. Example Structure (° C.) (ESI) m/z 2

oil 421 (M + 1) 3

oil 474 (M + 1) 4

amorphoussolid 490 (M + 1) 5

amorphoussolid 448 (M + 1)

EXAMPLE 6

6-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-methoxypyrimidin-4-amine

(a) 4-[4-(tert-Butyl)phenyl]-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine.

2-Methylthio-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (12 g, 62 mmol, Aldrich) reacted with 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid (11 g, 62 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 1(a) to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 293 (M+1).

(b) 6-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine.

To a 250-mL, round-bottomed flask containing a solution of 4-[4-(tert-butyl)phenyl]-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine from step (a) above (13 g, 43 mmol) in 2:1 EtOH/CH₂Cl₂ mixture (150 mL) was added 1,4-benzodioxane-6-amine (6.5 g, 43 mmol, Aldrich). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18 h, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Purification by silica gel column chromatography (56:1 hexane/EtOAc) provided the title product. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 408 (M+1).

(c) 6-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidin-4-amine.

To a 50-mL, round-bottomed flask containing a solution of 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-amine from step (b) above (0.41 g, 1.0 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added m-CPBA (0.38 g, 2.2 mmol, Aldrich). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dried in vacuo to provide the title product. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 439 (M+1).

(d) 6-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-methoxypyrimidin-4-amine.

To a 50-mL, round-bottomed flask containing a solution of 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidin-4-amine from step (c) above (0.20 g, 0.46 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added NaOMe (76 mg, 1.4 mmol, Aldrich). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (4:1 hexane/EtOAc) provided the title product as a yellow solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 392 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 7

N-{4-[2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl }-acetamide

(a) 2,4-Dichloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidine.

A mixture of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (502 mg, 2.74 mmol, Aldrich), 4-tri-fluoromethyl-phenylboronic acid (510 mg, 2.69 mmol, Aldrich), Pd(OAc)₂ (31 mg, 0.14 mmol), PPh₃ (71 mg, 0.27 mmol, Aldrich) and 2N Na₂CO₃ (3.1 mL) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (9.0 mL) was heated at 120° C. in a microwave synthesizer for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 3-12% EtOAc/hexane) gave the title compound as an off-white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 294 (M+1).

(b) Acetic acid 2-acetylamino-benzothiazol-4-yl ester.

To a suspension of 2-amino-4-hydroxybenzothiazole (8.3 g, 50 mmol, Fluorochem Ltd.) in toluene (100 mL) was added acetic anhydride (47 mL, 500 mmol), and the mixture was heated at 110° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a tan solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 251 (M+1).

(c) N-(4-Hydroxy-benzothiazol-2-yl)-acetamide.

To a suspension of acetic acid 2-acetylamino-benzothiazol-4-yl ester from step (b) above (9.7 g, 39 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL) was added potassium carbonate (11 g, 78 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 6 h and then evaporated under vacuo. The residue was acidified with 10% HCl to pH 5 and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a tan solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 209 (M+1).

(d) N-{4-[2-Chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide.

A mixture of 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidine from step (a) above (700 mg, 2.38 mmol), N-(4-hydroxy-benzothiazol-2-yl)-acetamide from step (c) above (474 mg, 2.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (394 mg, 2.86 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) and THF (3 mL) was heated at 50° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), and washed with 1N NaOH (10 mL). The EtOAc layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 30-75% EtOAc/hexane) provided the title compound as an off-white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 487 (M+Na).

(e) N-{4-[6-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-vinyl-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide.

A mixture of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide from step (d) above (540 mg, 1.16 mmol), tributyl(vinyl)tin (551 mg, 1.74 mmol, Aldrich) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (108 mg, 0.09 mmol, Aldrich) in toluene (4 mL) and dioxane (4 mL) was heated at 140° C. in a microwave synthesizer for 25 min. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc (60 mL) and washed with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (5 mL). The EtOAc layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 30-80% EtOAc/hexane) provided the title compound as a light-yellow solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 457 (M+1).

(f) N-{4-[2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl }-acetamide.

A mixture of N-{4-[6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-vinyl-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide from step (e) above (60 mg, 0.13 mmol), morpholine (22.6 mg, 0.26 mmol, Aldrich) and acetic acid (14 mg, 0.23 mmol) in ethanol (1 mL) was heated at 120° C. in a microwave synthesizer for 30 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was treated with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 5-15% MeOH/EtOAc) provided the title compound as a brown amorphous. solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 544 (M+1).

TABLE 2 The following examples were prepared from of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (93 mg, 0.2 mmol, Example 7(d)) and commercially available tributylstanyl reagents according to the procedure described for the preparation of Example 7(e), or with slight modifications to that procedure. Melting Point Mass Spec. Example Structure (° C.) (ESI) m/z 8

amorphoussolid 508 (M + 1) 9

268-270 508 (M + 1) 10

amorphoussolid 510 (M + 1) 11

amorphoussolid 509 (M + 1)

EXAMPLE 12

N-(4-(2-(2-(tert-Butylamino)ethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt

N-{4-[6-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-vinyl-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (60 mg, 0.13 mmol, Example 7(e)) reacted with tert-butylamine (100 mg, 1.37 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 7(f). The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as a pale-yellow solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 530 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 13

4-(2-(2-(tert-Butylamino)ethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine, trifluoroacetic acid salt

This compound was formed as a side product of the reaction described in Example 12 and was isolated as a pale yellow amorphous solid after purification by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)]. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 488 (M+1).

TABLE 3 The following examples were prepared by reacting N-{4-[6-(4- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-vinyl-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (Example 7(e)) with commercially available amines according to the procedures described in Example 12 and Example 13 or with slight modifications to those procedures. Melting Point Mass Spec. Example Structure (° C.) (ESI) m/z 14

amorphoussolid 556 (M + 1) 15

amorphoussolid 514 (M + 1) 16

amorphoussolid 500 (M + 1) 17

amorphoussolid 542 (M + 1) 18

amorphoussolid 570 (M + 1) 19

amorphoussolid 560 (M + 1) 20

amorphoussolid 560 (M + 1) 21

amorphoussolid 596 (M + 1) 22

amorphoussolid 528 (M + 1)

EXAMPLE 23

N-{4-[2-Pyridin-4-yl-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide

A mixture of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (137 mg, 0.29 mmol, Example 7(d)), 4-pyridinyl boronic acid (40 mg, 0.32 mmol, Aldrich), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (24 mg, 0.02 mmol, Aldrich) and 2N Na₂CO₃ (0.5 mL) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.5 mL) was heated at 125° C. in a microwave synthesizer for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 50-90% EtOAc/hexane) gave the title compound as a light-yellow amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 508 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 24

4-[2-Pyridin-4-yl-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-ylamine

This compound was formed as a side product of the reaction described in Example 23 and was isolated as a pale-yellow amorphous solid after purification by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 50-90% EtOAc/hexane). MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 466 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 25

N-{4-[2-Cyano-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide

A mixture of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (237 mg, 0.519 mmol, Example 7(d)), zinc cyanide (32 mg, 0.27 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (47 mg, 0.04 mmol, Aldrich) in DMF (1.0 mL) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.0 mL) was heated at 130° C. in a microwave synthesizer for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 35-80% EtOAc/hexane) gave the title compound as a light-yellow solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 456 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 26

4-(2-(Aminomethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]-thiazol-2-amine, trifluoroacetic acid salt

To a solution of N-{4-[2-cyano-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (128 mg, 0.28 mmol, Example 25) in anhydrous DCM (3 mL) was added diisobutylaluminum hydride (0.98 mL of 1M solution in DCM, 0.98 mmol, Aldrich) dropwise with stirring at −78° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0° C. for 1 h, quenched with saturated aqueous solution of potassium sodium tartrate and extracted with DCM (×2). The combined DCM extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] gave the title compound as a pale-yellow solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 418 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 27

N-(4-(2-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

A mixture of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (300 mg, 0.645 mmol, Example 7(d)), tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (216 mg, 0.70 mmol, Aldrich), Pd(OAc)₂ (7.2 mg, 0.03 mmol, Aldrich), PPh₃ (17 mg, 0.065 mmol) and 2N aqueous Na₂CO₃ (0.65 mL) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (3.0 mL) was heated at 120° C. in a microwave synthesizer for 25 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50) mL. The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The yellow solid residue was dissolved in DCM (4 mL) and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h and the volatiles were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between 1N HCl (5 mL) and Et₂O (5 mL). The aqueous layer was separated, basified with 2N NaOH, and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 1-25% (2N NH₃ in MeOH)/EtOAc) afforded the title compound as an off-white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 512 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 28

N-(4-(2-(1-Isopropyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

To a mixture of N-(4-(2-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (109 mg, 0.195 mmol, Example 27), acetone (1 mL), 1,2-dichloroethane (6 mL) and DMF (0.5 mL) was added AcOH (one drop), and the mixture was heated at 50° C. with stirring for 10 min. The reaction mixture was left to reach room temperature, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (127 mg, 0.6 mmol, Aldrich) was added, and the stirring was continued for 2 h at room temperature. After the addition of acetone (1 mL) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (127 mg, 0.6 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and evaporated under reduced pressure. The yellow residue was treated with 1N NaOH (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 0.5-5% (2M NH₃ in MeOH) in EtOAc) afforded the title compound as a pale-yellow amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 554 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 29

N-(4-(2-(3-(Pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) N-(4-(2-(3-Formylpyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide.

The reaction of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (279 mg, 0.6 mmol, Example 7(d)) and 4-tributylstannylpyridine-3-carboxaldehyde (295 mg, 0.8 mmol, Frontier) under the conditions of Example 7(e) provided the title compound as a brown amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 536 (M+1).

(b) N-(4-(2-(3-(Pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

A mixture of N-(4-(2-(3-formylpyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide from step (a) above (54 mg, 0.1 mmol) and pyrrolidine (14 mg, 0.2 mmol, Aldrich) in chloroform (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. To the reaction mixture was added NaBH(OAc)₃ (63 mg, 0.3 mmol, Aldrich) and AcOH (1 drop), and the stirring was continued for 1 h. The mixture was washed with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ s (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 591 (M+1)

EXAMPLE 30

N-(4-(2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

A mixture of N-(4-(2-(3-formylpyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (54 mg, 0.1 mmol, Example 29(a)), NaBH(OAc)₃ (63 mg, 0.3 mmol, Aldrich) in chloroform (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was washed with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 538 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 31

N-(4-(2-(1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

To a mixture of N-(4-(2-(1-isopropyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (100 mg, 0.18 mmol, Example 28), HCO₂N44 (227 mg, 3.6 mmol, Aldrich) in butanol (2 mL) was added palladium hydroxide (8.3 mg, 0.016 mmol, 20 wt. % Pd (dry basis) on carbon, Aldrich), and the mixture was heated to 120° C. for 16 h with stirring under nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite® pad. The filter cake was washed with MeOH and the combined filtrates were evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (7% MeOH/DCM) to provide the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 556 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 32

tert-Butyl 4-(4-(2-acetamidobenzo[d]thiazol-4-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1 (2H)-carboxylate

A mixture of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (279 mg, 0.6 mmol, Example 7(d)), tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1 (2H)-carboxylate (309 mg, 1.0 mmol, ChemShop), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (42 mg, 0.06 mmol, Aldrich), Na₂CO₃.H₂O (74 mg, 0.6 mmol), dimethoxyethane (0.7 mL), H₂O (0.3 mL) and EtOH (0.2 mL) was heated in a microwave synthesizer at 120° C. with stirring for 10 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (30% EtOAc/hexane) to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 612 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 33

N-(4-(2-(1-Isobutyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

The reaction of N-(4-(2-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (92 mg, 0.15 mmol, Example 27) and isobutylaldehyde (22 mg, 0.3 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 28 gave the title compound as a white amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 568 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 34

tert-Butyl 4-(4-(2-acetamidobenzo[d]thiazol-4-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (186 mg, 0.4 mmol, Example 7(d)) and tert-butyl 1-piperazine-carboxylate (149 mg, 0.8 mmol, Aldrich) in ethanol (1 mL) was heated in a microwave synthesizer at 125° C. for 40 min. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was treated with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (10 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (20% EtOAc/hexane) to give the title compound as a solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 615 (M+1). M.p.: 211° C.

EXAMPLE 35

N-(4-(2-(Piperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt

To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(4-(2-acetamidobenzo[d]thiazol-4-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (140 mg, 0.23 mmol, Example 34) in DCM (2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 515 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 36

N-(4-(2-(4-Isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt

To a solution of N-(4-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt (63 mg, 0.1 mmol, Example 35) and isobutylaldehyde (15 mg, 0.2 mmol, Aldrich) in 1,2-dichloroethane (3 mL) and DMF (0.5 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (85 mg, 0.4 mmol, Aldrich) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was treated with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (5 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 571 (M+1).

TABLE 4 The following examples were prepared from N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl}acetamide (Example 7(d)) and commercially available amines according to the procedure described for the preparation of Example 34, or with slight modifications to that procedure. Melting Point Mass Spec. Example Structure (° C.) (ESI) m/z 37

amorphoussolid 530 (M + 1) 38

amorphoussolid 568 (M + 1) 39

198 530 (M + 1) 40

amorphoussolid 573 (M + 1) 41

amorphoussolid 559 (M + 1) 42

277-278 558 (M + 1) 43

amorphoussolid 599 (M + 1) 44

amorphoussolid 637 (M + 1) 45

amorphoussolid 568 (M + 1) 46

amorphoussolid 540 (M + 1) 47

amorphoussolid 531 (M + 1) 48

amorphoussolid 504 (M + 1) 49

amorphoussolid 571 (M + 1) 50

amorphoussolid 551 (M + 1) 51

amorphoussolid 551 (M + 1) 52

amorphoussolid 537 (M + 1) 53

240 537 (M + 1) 54

amorphoussolid 562 (M + 1) 55

amorphoussolid 571 (M + 1) 56

amorphoussolid 556 (M + 1) 57

amorphoussolid 556 (M + 1) 58

amorphoussolid 518 (M + 1) 59

amorphoussolid 540 (M + 1) 60

amorphoussolid 647 (M + 1) 61

amorphoussolid 517 (M + 1) 62

amorphoussolid 587 (M + 1) 63

amorphoussolid 530 (M + 1) 64

amorphoussolid 514 (M + 1) 65

amorphoussolid 552 (M + 1) 66

amorphoussolid 585 (M + 1) 67

amorphoussolid 529 (M + 1) 68

amorphoussolid 645 (M + 1) 69

amorphoussolid 601 (M + 1) 70

128 643 (M + 1) 71

132 629 (M + 1)

EXAMPLE 72

N-(4-(2-(2-(4,4-Difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) 2-(4,4-Difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethanamine.

A solution of (4,4-difluoropiperidin-yl)-acetonitrile (0.48 g, 3 mmol, Matrix) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise to a 1M solution of LiAlH₄ in THF (5 ml, Aldrich) with stirring at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h and then treated with water (1 mL) and 20% aqueous solution of KOH (10 mL). The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was extracted with EtOAc (3×60 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (MeOH) to give the title compound as an yellow oil. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 165 (M+1).

(b) N-(4-(2-(2-(4,4-Difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

N-{4-[2-Chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (186 mg, 0.4 mmol, Example 7(d)) reacted with 2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethanamine from step (a) above (131 mg, 0.8 mmol) under the conditions of Example 34. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as a salt with TFA. White amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 593 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 73

4-(2-(2-(4,4-Difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine, trifluoroacetic acid salt

This compound was formed as a side product of the reaction described in Example 72(b) and was isolated as salt with TFA after purification by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)]. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 551 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 74

4-(2-(1-(Pyridin-2-yl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine

This compound was formed as a side product of the reaction described in Example 51 and was isolated as a white amorphous solid after purification by silica gel column chromatography MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 509 (M+1).

TABLE 5 The following examples were was formed as side products of the reaction of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]- benzothiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (186 mg, 0.4 mmol, Example 7(d)) and commercially available amines according to the procedure described for the preparation of Example 34, or with slight modifications to that procedure. Melting Example Point Mass Spec. # Structure (° C.) (ESI) m/z 75

amorphoussolid 520 (M + 1) 76

amorphoussolid 529 (M + 1) 77

amorphoussolid 514 (M + 1) 78

amorphoussolid 476 (M + 1) 79

amorphoussolid 545 (M + 1) 80

amorphoussolid 475 (M + 1)

EXAMPLE 81

4-(2-(2-Methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)propylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine

To a mixture of 4-(2-(2-amino-2-methylpropylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (47 mg, 1.0 mmol, Example 80) and 50% aqueous solution of glutaric dialdehyde (40 mg, 0.2 mmol, Aldrich) in 1,2-dichloroethane (2 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (212 mg, 1.0 mmol, Aldrich) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was treated with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (5 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10% MeOH/DCM) to afford the title compound as a white amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 543 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 82

4-(2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine

(a) 4-(2-Chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine.

The reaction of 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidine (480 mg, 1.64 mmol, Example 7(a)) with 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-4-ol (272 mg, 1.64 mmol, Astatech) under the conditions of Example 7(d) provided the title compound as a solid. M.p.: 231° C. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 423 (M+1).

(b) 4-(2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine

The reaction of 4-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine from step (a) above (106 mg, 0.5 mmol) with 4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine (70 mg, 0.5 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 526 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 83

4-(2-(1-(3-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine

The reaction of 4-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine from step (a) above (106 mg, 0.25 mmol) with (R,S)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)ethylamine (70 mg, 0.5 mmol, Indofine) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 526 (M+1).

TABLE 6 The following examples were prepared by cleavage of the Boc- protective group of the compounds listed as Examples 68-71 according to the procedure described for the preparation of Example 35, or with slight modifications to that procedure. Melting Point Mass Spec. Example Structure (° C.) (ESI) m/z 84

amorphoussolid 545 (M + 1) 85

amorphoussolid 543 (M + 1) 86

amorphoussolid 543 (M + 1) 87

amorphoussolid 529 (M + 1)

TABLE 7 The following examples were prepared from the compounds listed as Examples 35, 67, 84-87 and commercially available aldehydes or ketones according to the procedure described for the preparation of Example 36, or with slight modifications to that procedure. Melting Point Mass Spec. Example Structure (° C.) (ESI) m/z 88

amorphoussolid 557 (M + 1) 89

amorphoussolid 585 (M + 1) 90

amorphoussolid 571 (M + 1) 91

amorphoussolid 599 (M + 1) 92

amorphoussolid 587 (M + 1) 93

amorphoussolid 601 (M + 1) 94

amorphoussolid 597 (M + 1) 95

amorphoussolid 597 (M + 1) 96

amorphoussolid 599 (M + 1) 97

amorphoussolid 585 (M + 1)

EXAMPLE 98

N-(4-(2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

The reaction of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (233 mg, 0.5 mmol, Example 7(d)) and tributylstannyl-methanol (322 mg, 1.0 mmol, prepared according to the procedure described in Synthetic Communication, 1994, 24, 1117-1120) under the conditions of Example 7(e) gave the title compound as a white amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 461 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 99

N-(4-(2-(Piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) N-(4-(2-Formyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

To a solution of N-(4-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (80 mg, 0.174 mmol, Example 98) in DCM (2 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (0.35 mL, 2M solution in DCM, 0.7 mmol, Aldrich). The mixture was cooled to −78° C., and a solution of DMSO (0.1 mL, 1.4 mmol) in DCM (0.5 mL) was added dropwise with stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 2 h, TFA (141 mg, 1.4 mmol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to reach room temperature. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water (10 mL) and DCM (10 mL). The organic phase was separated, washed with sat. aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude title compound, which was used in the next step without additional purification. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 459 (M+1).

(b) N-(4-(2-(Piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

The crude product from step (a) above reacted with piperidine (0.2 mL, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 29(b) to give the title compound as salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 528 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 100

(S)-8-(2-((S)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol, trifluoroacetic acid salt and (R)-8-(2-((S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) (R,S)-8-({2-Chloro-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol.

A mixture of 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidine (293 mg, 1 mmol, Example 7(a)) and (R,S)-8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol (163 mg, 1 mmol, prepared as described in WO 2003/095240 A1) in EtOH (5 mL) was heated to 70° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (40% EtOAc/hexane) to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 420 (M+1).

(b) (S)-8-(2-((S)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol, trifluoroacetic acid salt and (R)-8-(2-((S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

The reaction of (R,S)-8-({2-chloro-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol from step (a) above (84 mg, 0.2 mmol) with (S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanamine (28 mg, 0.4 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 34 provided, after purification by preparative HPLC, the title compound as a diastereomeric mixture. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 523 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 101

2-(Dimethylamino)-N-(4-(2-acetamidobenzo[d]thiazol-4-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) N-(4-(2-Amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide.

A mixture of 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-pyrimidine (0.98 g, 6.0 mmol, Aldrich), N-(4-hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (1.3 g, 6.0 mmol, Example 7(c)) and K₂CO₃ (0.97 g, 7.0 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (100 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (250 mL). The EtOAc layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (60% EtOAc/hexane) provided the title compound as an off-white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 336 (M+1).

(b) N-(4-(2-Amino-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide.

A mixture of N-(4-(2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide from step (a) above (370 mg, 1.1 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-boronic acid (304 mg, 1.6 mmol, Aldrich), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (105 mg, 0.15 mmol, Aldrich), Na₂CO₃.H₂O (248 mg, 2.0 mmol), dimethoxyethane (2.1 mL), H₂O (0.9 mL) and EtOH (0.6 mL) was heated in a microwave synthesizer at 125° C. with stirring for 10 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (25 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (40% EtOAc/hexane) to give the title compound as a solid. M.p.: 232-234° C. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 446 (M+1).

(c) 2-(Dimethylamino)-N-(4-(2-acetamidobenzo[d]thiazol-4-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

To a solution of N-(4-(2-amino-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide from step (b) above (89 mg, 0.2 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) was added NaH (60% in mineral oil, 40 mg, 1 mmol, Aldrich) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. Dimethylaminoacetyl chloride HCl salt (79 mg, 0.5 mmol, Lancaster) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue purified by silica gel column chromatography (10% MeOH/DCM) to give the crude product. Additional purification of the product by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] gave the title compound as a TFA salt. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 531 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 102

N-(4-(2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethoxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

A mixture of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (465 mg, 1.0 mmol, Example 7(d)), 4-fluoro-α-methylbenzyl-alcohol (140 mg, 1 mmol, Aldrich), K₂CO₃ (207 mg, 1.5 mmol) and 85% MeSO₂Na (30 mg, 0.25 mmol, Aldrich) in DMF (50 mL) was heated at 120° C. with stirring for 5 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to reach room temperature and was diluted with water (50 mL), and exacted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue purified by silica gel column chromatography (20% EtOAc/hexane) to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 569 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 103

4-(2-(1-Ethylpiperidin-3-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine

A mixture of N-{4-[2-chloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide (70 mg, 0.15 mmol, Example 7(d)) and 1-ethyl-3-hydroxypiperidine (39 mg, 0.3 mmol, Aldrich) in ethanol (1 mL) was heated in a microwave synthesizer at 140° C. for 20 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as a salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 516 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 104

N-(4-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(((S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide and N-(4-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide

(a) 4,6-Dichloro-N-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)pyrimidin-2-amine and 2,6-dichloro-N-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)pyrimidin-4-amine.

A mixture of tetrahydrofurfurylamine (0.81 g, 8 mmol, Aldrich) and 2,4,6-trichloro-pyrimidine (1.46 g, 8 mmol, Aldrich) in EtOH (5 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was left to reach room temperature and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (35% EtOAc/hexane) to give the fast running 4,6-dichloro-N-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)pyrimidin-2-amine [MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 248 (M+1)] and 2,6-dichloro-N-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)pyrimidin-4-amine [MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 248 (M+1)].

(b) N-(4-(6-Chloro-2-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide.

A mixture of 4,6-dichloro-N-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)pyrimidin-2-amine from step (a) above (248 mg, 1.0 mmol), N-(4-hydroxy-benzothiazol-2-yl)-acetamide (208 mg, 1.0 mmol, Example 7(c)) and K₂CO₃ (138 mg, 1.0 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 6 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and water (40 mL). The EtOAc layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (40% EtOAc/hexane) provided the title compound as a white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 420 (M+1).

(c) N-(4-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(((S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide and N-(4-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide.

A mixture of N-(4-(6-chloro-2-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide from step (b) above (126 mg, 0.3 mmol) and (R)-1-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazine (125 mg, 0.6 mmol, prepared as described in US 2005/0176726A1) in ethanol (1 mL) was heated in a microwave synthesizer at 160° C. for 40 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (4% MeOH/DCM) to provide the title compound as a mixture of diastereoisomers. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 592 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 105

3-Amino-5-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(((S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 3-amino-5-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

(a) 3-Amino-5-(6-chloro-2-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

A mixture of 4,6-dichloro-N-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)pyrimidin-2-amine (99 mg, 0.4 mmol, Example 104(a)), 3-amino-5-hydroxyquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (71 mg, 0.4 mmol, prepared as described in WO 2004/014871) and Cs₂CO₃ (130 mg, 4.0 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and was partitioned between EtOAc (30 mL) and water (20 mL). The EtOAc layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (40% EtOAc/hexane) provided the title compound as a white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 389 (M+1).

(b) 3-Amino-5-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(((S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 3-amino-5-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one from step (a) above (78 mg, 0.2 mmol) with (R)-1-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazine (83 mg, 0.4 mmol, prepared as described in US 2005/0176726A1) under the conditions of Example 104(c) provided the title compound as a mixture of diastereoisomers. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 561 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 106

3-Amino-5-(2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

(a) 3-Amino-5-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidine (293 mg, 1.0 mmol, Example 7(a)) with 3-amino-5-hydroxyquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (127 mg, 1.0 mmol, prepared as described in WO 2004/014871) under the conditions of Example 7(d) provided the title compound as a solid. M.p.: 434° C. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 423 (M+1).

(b) 3-Amino-5-(2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one from step (a) above (108 mg, 0.25 mmol) with 4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine (70 mg, 0.5 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 537 (M+1).

TABLE 8 The following examples were prepared from 3-amino-5-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin- 4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (Example 106(a)) and commercially available amines according to the procedure described for the preparation of Example 34, or with slight modifications to that procedure. Melting Example Point Mass Spec. # Structure (° C.) (ESI) m/z 107

amorphoussolid 568 (M + 1) 108

amorphoussolid 528 (M + 1) 109

241 487 (M + 1) 110

amorphoussolid 540 (M + 1) 111

amorphoussolid 520 (M + 1) 112

amorphoussolid 506 (M + 1) 113

289 520 (M + 1) 114

243 487 (M + 1) 115

amorphoussolid 556 116

>300   598 (M + 1) 117

>300   562 (M + 1)

EXAMPLE 118

3-Amino-5-(2-((1-neopentylpiperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) Piperidine-2-carboxamide.

A mixture of methyl pipecolinate hydrochloride (15.0 g, 83 mmol, Aldrich) and 8% aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide (150 mL) was stirred for 18 h at room temperature. The white precipitate was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water, and dried under vacuo to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 129 (M+1).

(b) 1-Neopentylpiperidine-2-carboxamide.

A mixture of piperidine-2-carboxamide from step (a) above (0.4 g, 3 mmol), trimethylacetaldehyde (0.8 mL, 9 mmol, Aldrich) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (3 g, 15 mmol, Aldrich) in DCM (10 mL) was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 199 (M+1).

(c) (1-Neopentylpiperidin-2-yl)methanamine.

The reaction of 1-neopentylpiperidine-2-carboxamide from step (b) above (0.3 g, 1.5 mmol) with LiAlH₄ under the conditions of Example 72(a) provided the title compound as yellow oil. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 185 (M+1).

(d) 3-Amino-5-(2-((1-neopentylpiperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (43 mg, 0.1 mmol, Example 106(a)) with (1-neopentylpiperidin-2-yl)methanamine from step (c) above (37 mg, 0.2 mmol) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the crude product. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (20% MeOH/DCM), and then by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as a salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 582 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 119

(S)-3-Amino-5-(2-(isobutyl((1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl)amino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) (S)-N-((1-Isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl)-2-methylpropan-1-amine.

A mixture of (S)-tert-butyl piperidin-2-ylmethylcarbamate (1.07 g, 5 mmol, Astatech) and 50% TFA in DCM (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was dried under vacuo for 16 h. The residue was dissolved in DCM (10 mL), isobutyraldehyde (1.44 g, 20 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (4.22 g, 20 mmol, Aldrich) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with sat. aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×75 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (MeOH) to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 227 (M+1).

(b) (S)-3-Amino-5-(2-(isobutyl((1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl)amino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (87 mg, 0.2 mmol, Example 106(a)) with (S)-N-((1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl)-2-methylpropan-1-amine from step (a) above (91 mg, 0.4 mmol) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the crude product. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (6% MeOH/DCM), and then by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 624 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 120

(S)-3-Amino-5-(2-((1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

(a) (S)-Piperidine-2-carboxamide.

A mixture of (S)-tert-butyl 2-carbamoylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (5.0 g, 22 mmol, Astatech) and 50% TFA in DCM (25 mL) was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in DCM (70 mL). The solution was washed with 1N NaOH (25 mL) and brine (25 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was dried in vacuo to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 129 (M+1).

(b) (S)-1-Isobutylpiperidine-2-carboxamide.

The reaction of (S)-piperidine-2-carboxamide from step (a) above (1.0 g, 5.4 mmol) with isobutyraldehyde (2.4 g, 33 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 118(b) provided the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 185 (M+1).

(c) (S)-(1-Isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methanamine.

The reaction of (S)-1-isobutylpiperidine-2-carboxamide from step (b) above (0.8 g, 4.7 mmol) with LiAlH₄ under the conditions of Example 72(a) provided the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 171 (M+1).

(d) (S)-3-Amino-5-(2-((1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (87 mg, 0.2 mmol, Example 106(a)) with (S)-(1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methanamine from step (c) above (68 mg, 0.4 mmol) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound as a solid. M.p.: 228° C. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 568 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 121

(R)-3-Amino-5-(2-((1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

Separation of the enantiomers of (R,S)-3-amino-5-(2-((1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (Example 107) on a chiral column provided (S)-3-amino-5-(2-((1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (Example 120(d)) and the title compound as a solid.

M.p.: 229° C. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 568 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 122

3-Amino-5-(6-(4-((S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) (S)-4,6-Dichloro-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine and (S)-2,6-dichloro-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine.

The reaction of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (5 ml, 25 mmol, Aldrich) with (S)-1-methoxypropan-2-amine (2 g, 25 mmol, Lancaster) under the conditions of Example 104(a) provided the crude mixture of products. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (15% EtOAc/hexane) to give the fast running (S)-4,6-dichloro-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine [MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 236 (M+1)] and (S)-2,6-dichloro-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 236 (M+1).

(b) (S)-3-Amino-5-(6-chloro-2-(1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one

The reaction of (S)-4,6-dichloro-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine from step (a) above (0.62 g, 2.63 mmol) with 3-amino-5-hydroxyquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (0.47 g, 3 mmol, prepared as described in WO 2004/014871) under the conditions of Example 105(a) provided the title compound as an off-white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 377 (M+1).

(c) 3-Amino-5-(6-(4-((S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

The reaction of (S)-3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-(1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one from step (b) above (75 mg, 0.2 mmol) with (S)-1-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazine (42 mg, 0.2 mmol, prepared as described in US 2005/0176726A1) under the condition of Example 104(c) provided the crude product, which was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 549 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 123

3-Amino-5-(6-(4-((R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

The reaction of (S)-3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-(1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (75 mg, 0.2 mmol, Example 122(b)) with (R)-1-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazine (42 mg, 0.2 mmol, prepared as described in US 2005/0176726A1) under the condition of Example 104(c) provided the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 549 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 124

(R)-3-Amino-5-(6-(4-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(2-methoxyethylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

(a) 4,6-Dichloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine and 2,6-dichloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine.

The reaction of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (2.0 g, 16 mmol, Aldrich) with 2-methoxyethylamine (1.2 g, 16 mmol, Lancaster) under the conditions of Example 104(a) provided the crude mixture of products. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (15% EtOAc/hexane) to give the fast running 4,6-dichloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine [MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 223 (M+1)] and 2,6-dichloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine [MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 223 (M+1)].

(b) 3-Amino-5-(6-chloro-2-(2-methoxyethylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of 4,6-dichloro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine from step (a) above (0.5 g, 2.25 mmol) with 3-amino-5-hydroxyquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (0.4 g, 2.25 mmol, prepared as described in WO 2004/014871) under the conditions of Example 105(a) provided the title compound as an off-white solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 363 (M+1).

(c) (R)-3-Amino-5-(6-(4-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(2-methoxyethylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-(2-methoxyethylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one from step (b) above (135 mg, 0.37 mmol) with (S)-1-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperazine (155 mg, 0.74 mmol, prepared as described in US 2005/0176726A1) under the condition of Example 104(c) provided the crude product, which was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 535 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 125

3-Amino-5-(6-(2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

(a) 2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid.

To a solution of (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (15 g, 57 mmol, Aldrich) in THF (400 mL) was added sec-BuLi (100 mL, 1.3 M in cyclohexane, Aldrich) dropwise over 20 min with stirring at −40° C. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at −40° C. and cooled to −78° C. Trimethyl borate (26 mL, 230 mmol, Aldrich) was added dropwise over 10 min with stirring at −78° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, and then stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with 1M aqueous solution of NaH₂PO₄ (200 mL) and H₂O (200 mL). The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the aqueous residue was extracted with EtOAc (2×250 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to give the title compound as yellow foam, which was used in the next step without additional purification.

(b) 3-Amino-5-(6-(2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid from step (a) above (413 mg, 1.35 mmol) with (S)-3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-(1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (340 mg, 0.9 mmol, Example 122(b)) under the conditions of Example 32 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 502 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 126

tert-Butyl 2-(6-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamate

The title compound was formed as a side product of the reaction described in Example 125(b) and was isolated as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 602 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 127

(2S,5R)-tert-Butyl 2-((2-(6-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-methylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate and (2S,5S)-tert-butyl 2-((2-(6-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-methylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of 3-amino-5-(6-(2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (85 mg, 0.17 mmol, Example 125(b)) and (2S, 5R,S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (39 mg, 0.17 mmol, AnaSpec) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (40 mg, 0.21 mmol, Aldrich) at 25° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 h and partitioned between 1:1 mixture of EtOAc/H₂O. The organic phase was separated, washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (40% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the title compound as a mixture of diastereoisomers. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 713 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 128

(2S,5R)-N-(2-(6-(3-Amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt and (2S,5S)-N-(2-(6-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt

The reaction of the mixture of diastereoisomers (2S,5R)-tert-butyl 2-((2-(6-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-methylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate and (2S,5S)-tert-butyl 2-((2-(6-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-5-methylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (35 mg 0.05 mmol, Example 127) with 1:1 mixture of trifluoroacetic acid/DCM (3 mL) under the conditions of Example 34 afforded the title compound as a mixture of diastereoisomers. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 713 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 129

8-(2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinolin-2-amine

(a) 8-(2-Chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinolin-2-amine.

The reaction of 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidine (0.5 g, 1.71 mmol, Example 7(a)) with 2-aminoquinolin-8-ol (0.27 g, 1.71 mmol, Sigma) under the conditions of Example 7(d) provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 417 (M+1).

(b) 8-(2-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinolin-2-amine.

The reaction of 8-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinolin-2-amine from step (a) above (42 mg, 0.1 mmol) with 4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine (14 mg, 0.1 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 520 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 130

8-(2-((1-Isobutylpiperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinolin-2-amine, trifluoroacetic acid salt

The reaction of 8-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinolin-2-amine (42 mg, 0.1 mmol, Example 129(a)) with 4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine (17 mg, 0.1 mmol) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 551 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 131

tert-Butyl 4-(4-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-fluorophenylcarbamate

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (217 mg, 0.5 mmol, Example 106(a)) with 4-N-Boc-amino-3-fluorophenylboronic acid (191 mg, 0.75 mmol, AstaTech), under the conditions of Example 32 provided the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 609 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 132

3-Amino-5-(2-(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

The title compound was obtained as a side product of the reaction described in Example 131 and was isolated as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 509 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 133

tert-Butyl 2-((4-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (433 mg, 1.0 mmol, Example 106(a)) with tert-butyl 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (428 mg, 2 mmol, Fluorochem) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 612 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 134

3-Amino-5-(2-((1-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

(a) 3-Amino-5-(2-(piperidin-2-ylmethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of tert-butyl 2-((4-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Example 133) with 1:1 mixture of trifluoroacetic acid/DCM under the conditions of Example 35 afforded the title compound as an amorphous solid, which was used in the next step without additional purification. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 512 (M+1).

(b) 3-Amino-5-(2-((1-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperidin-2-yl)methylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(2-(piperidin-2-ylmethylamino)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one from step (a) above (114 mg, 0.2 mmol) with cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde (70 mg, 1.0 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 36 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 566 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 135

3-Amino-5-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(2-chloro-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (180 mg, 1.0 mmol, Example 106(a)) with piperazine (71 mg, 2.0 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 34 afforded the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 484 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 136

3-Amino-5-(2-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (27 mg, 0.056 mmol, Example 135) with cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde (59 mg, 0.279 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 36 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 538 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 137

3-Amino-5-(2-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

The reaction of 3-amino-5-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (97 mg, 0.2 mmol, Example 135) with isobutyraldehyde (43 mg, 0.6 mmol, Aldrich) under the conditions of Example 36 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 540 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 138

3-Amino-5-(6-((S)-3-isobutyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one

(a) (S)-2-Isobutyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazine.

(b) 3-Amino-5-(6-((S)-3-isobutyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

The reaction of (S)-3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-(1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (74 mg, 0.2 mmol, Example 122(b)) with (S)-2-isobutyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazine (89 mg, 0.4 mmol) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 565 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 139

(S)-tert-Butyl 4-(6-(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-2-isobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate

The reaction of (S)-3-amino-5-(6-chloro-2-(1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (74 mg, 0.2 mmol, Example 122(b)) with (S)-tert-butyl 2-isobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (48 mg, 0.2 mmol, CNH-Tech) under the conditions of Example 34 provided the title compound as an amorphous solid. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 583 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 140

5-(6-(2-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-3-aminoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt

(a) (S)-4,6-Diiodo-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine

A mixture of (S)-4,6-dichloro-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (260 mg, 0.11 mmol, Example 122(a)), hydriodic acid (57 wt. % in water, 40.4 μl, 0.165 mmol, Aldrich), sodium iodide (248 mg, 0.165 mmol) and DCM (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), washed with 1N NaOH (2×25 mL) and brine (60 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (7% EtOAc/hexane) to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 420 (M+1).

(b) (S)-3-Amino-5-(6-iodo-2-(1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

A mixture of 4,6-diiodo-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine from step (a) above (330 mg, 0.79 mmol), 3-amino-5-hydroxyquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (140 mg, 0.79 mmol, prepared as described in WO 2004/014871), cesium carbonate (513 mg, 1.58 mmol, Aldrich) and DMF (5 mL) was heated at 90° C. with stirring for 16 h. The reaction mixture was left to reach room temperature and was diluted with water (40 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (×2). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (65% EtOAc/hexane) to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 469 (M+1).

(c) 2-Chloro-3-tributylstannyl-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine.

To a solution of diisopropylamine (5.5 mL, 39 mmol, Aldrich,) in THF (30 mL) was added n-BuLi (15.6 mL, 2.5 M in hexanes, 39 mmol, Aldrich) with stirring at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and at room temperature for 15 min. The reaction mixture was cooled again to −78° C. and a solution of 2-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyridine (5.0 g, 27.5 mmol, Lancaster) in THF (20 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h, tributyltin chloride (9 mL, 33 mmol, Aldrich) was added via a syringe, and stirring was continued for 2 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to reach 0° C., quenched with a sat. aqueous solution of NH₄Cl, and extracted with Et₂O (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the residue by flash silica gel chromatography (gradient: 0-1% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the title compound as colorless oil. MS (ESI, pos. ion.) m/z: 471 (M+1).

(d) 3-Amino-5-(6-(2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one.

A mixture of 2-chloro-3-tributylstannyl-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine from step (c) above (301 mg, 0.64 mmol), (S)-3-amino-5-(6-iodo-2-(1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one from step (b) above (200 mg, 0.43 mmol), CuI (33 mg, 0.13 mmol, Aldrich), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (50 mg, 0.06 mmol, Aldrich) and DMF (5 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 3 h under N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was left to reach room temperature and was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL). The mixture was washed with 10% Na₂CO₃ (20 mL) and brine (30 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient 20-60% EtOAc/hexane) to give the title compound. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 522 (M+1).

(e) 5-(6-(2-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-3-aminoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt.

A mixture of 3-amino-5-(6-(2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one from step (d) above (130 mg, 0.25 mmol) and (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanamine (83.3 mg, 0.50 mmol, Aldrich) in DMSO (2 mL) was heated in a microwave synthesizer at 120° C. for 40 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as a salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 653 (M+1).

EXAMPLE 141

3-Amino-5-(6-(2-amino-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, trifluoroacetic acid salt

A mixture of 5-(6-(2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-((S)-1-methoxypropan-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-3-aminoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (120 mg, 0.18 mmol, Example 140) and 80% TFA/DCM (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC [gradient 20-80% MeCN (0.1% TFA)/H₂O (0.1% TFA)] to give the title compound as a salt with TFA. MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 488 (M+1).

Capsaicin-Induced Ca2+ Influx in Primary Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Embryonic, 19 day old (E 19) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were dissected from timed-pregnant, terminally anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River, Wilmington, Mass.) and collected in ice-cold L-15 media (Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y.) containing 5% heat inactivated horse serum (Life Technologies). The DRG were then dissociated into single cell suspension using a papain dissociation system (Worthington Biochemical Corp., Freehold, N.J.). The dissociated cells were pelleted at 200×g for 5 min and re-suspended in EBSS containing 1 mg/mL ovomucoid inhibitor, 1 mg/mL ovalbumin and 0.005% DNase. Cell suspension was centrifuged through a gradient solution containing 10 mg/mL ovomucoid inhibitor, 10 mg/mL ovalbumin at 200×g for 6 min to remove cell debris; and filtered through a 88 μm nylon mesh (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pa.) to remove any clumps. Cell number was determined with a hemocytometer and cells were seeded into poly-ornithine 100 μg/mL (Sigma) and mouse laminin 1 μg/mL (Life Technologies)-coated 96-well plates at 10×10³ cells/well in complete medium. The complete medium consists of minimal essential medium (MEM) and Ham's F12, 1:1, penicillin (100 U/mL), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL), and nerve growth factor (10 ng/mL), 10% heat inactivated horse serum (Life Technologies). The cultures were kept at 37° C., 5% CO₂ and 100% humidity. For controlling the growth of non-neuronal cells, 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (75 μM) and uridine (180 μM) were included in the medium. Activation of VR1 is achieved in these cellular assays using either a capsaicin stimulus (ranging from 0.01-10 μM) or by an acid stimulus (addition of 30 mM Hepes/Mes buffered at pH 4.1). Compounds are also tested in an assay format to evaluate their agonist properties at VR1.

Capsaicin Antagonist Assay: E-19 DRG cells at 5 days in culture are incubated with serial concentrations of VR1 antagonists, in HBSS (Hanks buffered saline solution supplemented with BSA 0.1 mg/mL and 1 mM Hepes at pH 7.4) for 15 min, 37° C. Cells are then challenged with a VR1 agonist, capsaicin 200 nM, in activation buffer containing 0.1 mg/mL BSA, 15 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, and 10 μCi/mL ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ (Amersham) in Ham's F12 for 2 min at 37° C.

The following compounds exhibit IC50 values of less than 10 mM in the Human VR1 Capsaicin Antagonist Assay:

-   (2S)-8-({2-{[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol; -   (5R)-N-[2-(6-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-methyl-L-prolinamide; -   1-{4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid; -   2-{[4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethanol; -   3-amino-5-({2-({[(2R)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-({[(2R)-1-neopentylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-({[(2S)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-({[(2S)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-({[(2S)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-({2-[(2S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-(isobutyl     {[(2S)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-[(2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-{[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-{[(1R)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-{[(1S)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-{[(1S)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({2-piperazin-1-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-({6-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-[(6-[(3S)-3-isobutyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin)-yl]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-[(6-[2-[(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-[(6-[2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-[(6-[2-amino-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-[(6-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-[(6-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-{[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   3-amino-5-[(6-{4-[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; -   4-({2-({2-[(2S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-[(1-ethylpiperidin-3-yl)oxy]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-[(2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-[(2-methyl-2-piperidin-1-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-[2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-{[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-{[(1S)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-{[2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   4-({2-pyridin-4-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; -   6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine; -   6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-methoxypyrimidin-4-amine; -   6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N˜4˜-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-N˜2˜-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine; -   6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N˜4˜-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-N˜2˜-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine; -   6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N˜4˜-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-N˜2˜-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine; -   8-({2-({[(2R)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinolin-2-amine; -   8-({2-{[1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinolin-2-amine;     IUPAC Name; -   N-[4-({2-({[(2R)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({[(2R)-4-isobutylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({[(2R)-4-isopropylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({[(2S)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({[(2S)-1-isobutylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({[(2S)-4-(cyclopropylmethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({[(3R)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperidin-3-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({[(3R)-1-isobutylpiperidin-3-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({1-[(2S)-1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-methylethyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-({2-[(2S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(1-isobutyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(1-isopropyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(1-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(2-methyl-2-piperidin-1-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(3R)-4-isobutyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(3R)-4-isopropyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(3S)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[2-(2-ethylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[2-(4-fluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[3-(diethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-4-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-[3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(2-furyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(2R)-piperidin-2-ylmethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(2S)-morpholin-2-ylmethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[(3R)-piperidin-3-ylmethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{2-[(3R)-3-fluoropiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-cyano-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-piperazin-1-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-pyrazin-2-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-pyridin-2-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-pyridin-3-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-[4-({2-pyridin-4-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; -   N-{3-[({4-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]phenyl}methanesulfonamide; -   N-{4-[(6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-{2-[(2R)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]ethyl}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}acetamide; -   N-{4-[(6-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-{[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}acetamide; -   N˜1˜-{4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-N˜2˜,N˜2˜-dimethylglycinamide; -   Structure possibly contains peptides which are not supported in     current version!; -   tert-butyl     (2R)-2-[({4-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; -   tert-butyl     (2R)-2-[({4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; -   tert-butyl     (2R)-2-[({4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]morpholine-4-carboxylate; -   tert-butyl     (2S)-2-[({4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; -   tert-butyl     (2S)-4-(6-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-2-isobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate; -   tert-butyl     (3R)-3-[({4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; -   tert-butyl     2-(6-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamate; -   tert-butyl     4-{4-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-2-fluorophenylcarbamate; -   tert-butyl     4-{4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate;     and -   tert-butyl     4-{4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperazine-1-carboxylate.

Acid Antagonist Assay: Compounds are pre-incubated with E-19 DRG cells for 2 minutes prior to addition of Calcium-45 in 30 mM Hepes/Mes buffer (Final Assay pH 5) and then left for an additional 2 minutes prior to compound washout. Final 45Ca (Amersham CES3-2 mCi) at 10 μCi/ML.

Agonist Assay: Compounds are incubated with E-19 DRG cells for 2 minutes in the presence of Calcium-45 prior to compound washout. Final ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ (Amersham CES3-2 mCi) at 10 μCi/mL.

Compound Washout and Analysis: Assay plates are washed using an ELX405 plate washer (Bio-Tek Instruments Inc.) immediately after functional assay. Wash 3× with PBS Mg2+/Ca2+ free, 0.1 mg/mL BSA. Aspirate between washes. Read plates using a MicroBeta Jet (Wallac Inc.). Compound activity is then calculated using appropriate computational algorithms. ⁴⁵Calcium²⁺ Assay Protocol

Compounds may be assayed using Chinese Hamster Ovary cell lines stably expressing either human VR1 or rat VR1 under a CMV promoter. Cells can be cultured in Growth Medium, routinely passaged at 70% confluency using trypsin and plated in the assay plate 24 hours prior to compound evaluation.

Possible Growth Medium:

-   DMEM, high glucose (Gibco 11965-084). -   10% Dialyzed serum (Hyclone SH30079.03). -   1× Non-Essential Amino Acids (Gibco 11140-050). -   1× Glutamine-Pen-Strep (Gibco 10378-016). -   Geneticin, 450 μg/mL (Gibco 10131-035).     Compounds can be diluted in 100% DMSO and tested for activity over     several log units of concentration [40 μM-2 pM]. Compounds may be     further diluted in HBSS buffer (pH 7.4) 0.1 mg/mL BSA, prior to     evaluation. Final DMSO concentration in assay would be 0.5%. Each     assay plate can be controlled with a buffer only and a known     antagonist compound (either capsazepine or one of the described VR1     antagonists).

Activation of VR1 can be achieved in these cellular assays using either a capsaicin stimulus (ranging from 0.1-1 μM) or by an acid stimulus (addition of 3 mM Hepes/Mes buffered at pH 4.1). Compounds may also tested in an assay format to evaluate their agonist properties at VR1.

Capsaicin Antagonist Assay: Compounds may be pre-incubated with cells (expressing either human or rat VR1) for 2 minutes prior to addition of Calcium-45 and Capsaicin and then left for an additional 2 minutes prior to compound washout. Capsaicin (0.5 nM) can be added in HAM's F12, 0.1 mg/mL BSA, 15 mM Hepes at pH 7.4. Final ⁴⁵Ca (Amersham CES3-2 mCi) at 10 μCi/mL.

Acid Antagonist Assay: Compounds can be pre-incubated with cells (expressing either human or rat VR1) for 2 minutes prior to addition of Calcium-45 in 30 mM Hepes/Mes buffer (Final Assay pH 5) and then left for an additional 2 minutes prior to compound washout. Final ⁴⁵Ca (Amersham CES3-2 mCi) at 10 μCi/mL.

Agonist Assay: Compounds can be incubated with cells (expressing either human or rat VR1) for 2 minutes in the presence of Calcium-45 prior to compound washout. Final ⁴⁵Ca (Amersham CES3-2 mCi) at 10 μCi/mL.

Compound Washout and Analysis: Assay plates can be washed using an ELX405 plate washer (Bio-Tek Instruments Inc.) immediately after functional assay. One can wash 3× with PBS Mg2+/Ca²+ free, 0.1 mg/mL BSA, aspirating between washes. Plates may be read using a MicroBeta Jet (Wallac Inc.). Compound activity may then calculated using appropriate computational algorithms.

Useful nucleic acid sequences and proteins may be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,335,180, 6,406,908 and 6,239,267, herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

For the treatment of vanilloid-receptor-diseases, such as acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, dental pain, general headache, migraine, cluster headache, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, tension headache, general inflammation, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, inflammatory or unstable bladder disorders, psoriasis, skin complaints with inflammatory components, chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, neuropathic pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic neuropathy pain, causalgia, sympathetically maintained pain, deafferentation syndromes, asthma, epithelial tissue damage or dysfunction, herpes simplex, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions, pruritus, vitiligo, general gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulceration, duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, gastric lesions induced by necrotising agents, hair growth, vasomotor or allergic rhinitis, bronchial disorders or bladder disorders, the compounds of the present invention may be administered orally, parentally, by inhalation spray, rectally, or topically in dosage unit formulations containing conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles. The term parenteral as used herein includes, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal, infusion techniques or intraperitoneally.

Treatment of diseases and disorders herein is intended to also include the prophylactic administration of a compound of the invention, a pharmaceutical salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of either to a subject (i.e., an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human) believed to be in need of preventative treatment, such as, for example, pain, inflammation and the like.

The dosage regimen for treating vanilloid-receptor-mediated diseases, cancer, and/or hyperglycemia with the compounds of this invention and/or compositions of this invention is based on a variety of factors, including the type of disease, the age, weight, sex, medical condition of the patient, the severity of the condition, the route of administration, and the particular compound employed. Thus, the dosage regimen may vary widely, but can be determined routinely using standard methods. Dosage levels of the order from about 0.01 mg to 30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, preferably from about 0.1 mg to 10 mg/kg, more preferably from about 0.25 mg to 1 mg/kg are useful for all methods of use disclosed herein.

The pharmaceutically active compounds of this invention can be processed in accordance with conventional methods of pharmacy to produce medicinal agents for administration to patients, including humans and other mammals.

For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, a capsule, a tablet, a suspension, or liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a given amount of the active ingredient. For example, these may contain an amount of active ingredient from about 1 to 2000 mg, preferably from about 1 to 500 mg, more preferably from about 5 to 150 mg. A suitable daily dose for a human or other mammal may vary widely depending on the condition of the patient and other factors, but, once again, can be determined using routine methods.

The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition with suitable carriers including saline, dextrose, or water. The daily parenteral dosage regimen will be from about 0.1 to about 30 mg/kg of total body weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 0.25 mg to 1 mg/kg.

Injectable preparations, such as sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions, may be formulated according to the known are using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

Suppositories for rectal administration of the drug can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient such as cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols that are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum and release the drug.

A suitable topical dose of active ingredient of a compound of the invention is 0.1 mg to 150 mg administered one to four, preferably one or two times daily. For topical administration, the active ingredient may comprise from 0.001% to 10% w/w, e.g., from 1% to 2% by weight of the formulation, although it may comprise as much as 10% w/w, but preferably not more than 5% w/w, and more preferably from 0.1% to 1% of the formulation.

Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin (e.g., liniments, lotions, ointments, creams, or pastes) and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear, or nose.

For administration, the compounds of this invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate for the indicated route of administration. The compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, stearic acid, talc, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, acacia, gelatin, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidine, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and tableted or encapsulated for conventional administration. Alternatively, the compounds of this invention may be dissolved in saline, water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, tragacanth gum, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well known in the pharmaceutical art. The carrier or diluent may include time delay material, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax, or other materials well known in the art.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be made up in a solid form (including granules, powders or suppositories) or in a liquid form (e.g., solutions, suspensions, or emulsions). The pharmaceutical compositions may be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical operations such as sterilization and/or may contain conventional adjuvants, such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, buffers etc.

Solid dosage forms for oral administration may include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, as in normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared with enteric coatings.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration may include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water. Such compositions may also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.

Compounds of the present invention can possess one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and are thus capable of existing in the form of optical isomers as well as in the form of racemic or non-racemic mixtures thereof. The optical isomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes, e.g., by formation of diastereoisomeric salts, by treatment with an optically active acid or base. Examples of appropriate acids are tartaric, diacetyltartaric, dibenzoyltartaric, ditoluoyltartaric, and camphorsulfonic acid and then separation of the mixture of diastereoisomers by crystallization followed by liberation of the optically active bases from these salts. A different process for separation of optical isomers involves the use of a chiral chromatography column optimally chosen to maximize the separation of the enantiomers. Still another available method involves synthesis of covalent diastereoisomeric molecules by reacting compounds of the invention with an optically pure acid in an activated form or an optically pure isocyanate. The synthesized diastereoisomers can be separated by conventional means such as chromatography, distillation, crystallization or sublimation, and then hydrolyzed to deliver the enantiomerically pure compound. The optically active compounds of the invention can likewise be obtained by using active starting materials. These isomers may be in the form of a free acid, a free base, an ester or a salt.

Likewise, the compounds of this invention may exist as isomers, that is compounds of the same molecular formula but in which the atoms, relative to one another, are arranged differently. In particular, the alkylene substituents of the compounds of this invention, are normally and preferably arranged and inserted into the molecules as indicated in the definitions for each of these groups, being read from left to right. However, in certain cases, one skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to prepare compounds of this invention in which these substituents are reversed in orientation relative to the other atoms in the molecule. That is, the substituent to be inserted may be the same as that noted above except that it is inserted into the molecule in the reverse orientation. One skilled in the art will appreciate that these isomeric forms of the compounds of this invention are to be construed as encompassed within the scope of the present invention.

The compounds of the present invention can be used in the form of salts derived from inorganic or organic acids. The salts include, but are not limited to, the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methansulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 2-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, mesylate, and undecanoate. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides, and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.

Examples of acids that may be employed to from pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include such inorganic acids as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid and such organic acids as oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid and citric acid. Other examples include salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium or with organic bases.

Also encompassed in the scope of the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable esters of a carboxylic acid or hydroxyl containing group, including a metabolically labile ester or a prodrug form of a compound of this invention. A metabolically labile ester is one which may produce, for example, an increase in blood levels and prolong the efficacy of the corresponding non-esterified form of the compound. A prodrug form is one which is not in an active form of the molecule as administered but which becomes therapeutically active after some in vivo activity or biotransformation, such as metabolism, for example, enzymatic or hydrolytic cleavage. For a general discussion of prodrugs involving esters see Svensson and Tunek Drug Metabolism Reviews 165 (1988) and Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985). Examples of a masked carboxylate anion include a variety of esters, such as alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl), cycloalkyl (for example, cyclohexyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl), and alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl (for example, pivaloyloxymethyl). Amines have been masked as arylcarbonyloxymethyl substituted derivatives which are cleaved by esterases in vivo releasing the free drug and formaldehyde (Bungaard J. Med. Chem. 2503 (1989)). Also, drugs containing an acidic NH group, such as imidazole, imide, indole and the like, have been masked with N-acyloxymethyl groups (Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985)). Hydroxy groups have been masked as esters and ethers. EP 039,051 (Sloan and Little, Apr. 11, 1981) discloses Mannich-base hydroxamic acid prodrugs, their preparation and use. Esters of a compound of this invention, may include, for example, the methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl esters, as well as other suitable esters formed between an acidic moiety and a hydroxyl containing moiety. Metabolically labile esters, may include, for example, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, iso-propoxymethyl, α-methoxyethyl, groups such as α-((C₁-C₄)alkyloxy)ethyl, for example, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, propoxyethyl, iso-propoxyethyl, etc.; 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-ylmethyl groups, such as 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3,dioxolen-4-ylmethyl, etc.; C₁-C₃ alkylthiomethyl groups, for example, methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl, isopropylthiomethyl, etc.; acyloxymethyl groups, for example, pivaloyloxymethyl, α-acetoxymethyl, etc.; ethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl; or α-acyloxy-α-substituted methyl groups, for example α-acetoxyethyl.

Further, the compounds of the invention may exist as crystalline solids which can be crystallized from common solvents such as ethanol, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, water, or the like. Thus, crystalline forms of the compounds of the invention may exist as polymorphs, solvates and/or hydrates of the parent compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. All of such forms likewise are to be construed as falling within the scope of the invention.

While the compounds of the invention can be administered as the sole active pharmaceutical agent, they can also be used in combination with one or more compounds of the invention or other agents. When administered as a combination, the therapeutic agents can be formulated as separate compositions that are given at the same time or different times, or the therapeutic agents can be given as a single composition.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the disclosed compounds. Variations and changes which are obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope and nature of the invention which are defined in the appended claims.

From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. 

1. A compound having the structure:

or any pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, wherein: J is NH, O or S; X is N or C(R²); Y is N or C(R²), wherein at least one of X and Y is N; n is independently, at each instance, 0, 1 or 2; R¹ is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(g), R^(c), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; R² is, independently, in each instance, R^(d), halo, C₁₋₈alkyl substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents selected from R^(d), halo, —(CH₂)_(n)phenyl substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(d) and halo, or a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring heterocycle containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, wherein no more than 2 of the ring members are O or S, wherein the heterocycle is optionally fused with a phenyl ring, and the heterocycle or fused phenyl ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(d) and halo; R³ is (A) C₁₋₈alkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(f), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1 or 2 R^(i) groups, and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; or (B) a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; or (C) —N(R^(a))—C₁₋₈alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₈alkyl is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; or (D) —OC₁₋₈alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₈alkyl is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; or (E) C₄₋₈alkyl, cyano, —OC₃₋₈alkyl, —OR^(i), —SR^(i), —N(R^(a))R^(i), —NHC₄₋₈alkyl, or —N(C₁₋₈alkyl)C₄₋₈alkyl; R⁴ is a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; wherein R⁴ is not indazolyl; R⁵ is H or CH₃; R^(a) is independently, at each instance, H or R^(b); R^(b) is independently, at each instance, phenyl, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyl, the phenyl, benzyl and C₁₋₆alkyl being substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, —OC₁₋₄alkyl, —NH₂, —NHC₁₋₄alkyl, —N(C₁₋₄alkyl)C₁₋₄alkyl; R^(c) is independently, in each instance, phenyl substituted by 0, 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, —OR^(a) and —NR^(a)R^(a); or R^(c) is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring heterocycle containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, wherein no more than 2 of the ring members are O or S, wherein the heterocycle is optionally fused with a phenyl ring, and the carbon atoms of the heterocycle are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo or thioxo groups, wherein the heterocycle or fused phenyl ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, —OR^(a) and —NR^(a)R^(a); R^(d) is independently in each instance selected from H, C₁₋₅alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); or R^(d) is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein there are no more than 2 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from R^(e), halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); or R^(d) is C₁₋₄alkyl substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from C₁₋₄-haloalkyl, halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(e), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)OR^(h), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —OR^(h), —OC(═O)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —OC(═O)N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(h), —SR^(h), —S(═O)R^(h), S(═O)₂R^(h), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —S(═O)₂N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)R^(e), N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)OR^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a)C(═NR) ^(a))NR^(a)R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(h), —N(R^(h))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(h), —NR^(h)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(h); R^(e) is, independently, in each instance, C₁₋₉alkyl or C₁₋₄alkyl(phenyl) wherein either is substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents selected from halo, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(a), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(a), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(a), —OR^(a), —OC(═O)R^(a), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(a), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(a), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(a), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(a), —SR^(a), ═S(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(a), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(a), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(a), —NR^(a)R^(a), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(a), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(a), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(a), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(a), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(a), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(a), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(a) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(a); and wherein the C₁₋₉alkyl is additionally substituted by 0 or 1 groups independently selected from R^(h) and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I; R^(f) is, independently, in each instance, R^(e) or H; R^(g) is, independently, in each instance, a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from N, O and S, so long as the combination of O and S atoms is not greater than 2, wherein the ring is substituted by 0 or 1 oxo or thioxo groups; R^(h) is, independently, in each instance, phenyl or a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from N, O and S, so long as the combination of O and S atoms is not greater than 2, wherein the ring is substituted by 0 or 1 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the phenyl or monocycle are substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, cyano, nitro, —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)OR^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —OR^(f), —OC(═O)R^(e), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —OC(═O)N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —SR^(f), —S(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(e), —S(═O)₂N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═O)R^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)OR^(e), —N(R^(a))C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))C(═NR^(a))NR^(a)R^(f), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂R^(e), —N(R^(a))S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f) and —NR^(a)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f); and R^(i) is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ is phenyl substituted in the 4-position by a substituent selected from R^(f), halo, or —OR^(e), and the phenyl is further substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(e), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the phenyl is additionally substituted by 0, 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ is an unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic ring containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ is C₁₋₈alkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(f), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1 or 2 R^(i) groups, and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic or 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- or 11-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 atoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the available carbon atoms of the ring are substituted by 0, 1 or 2 oxo or thioxo groups, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ is —N(R^(a))—C₁₋₈alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₈alkyl is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 7. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ is —OC₁₋₈alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₈alkyl is substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(e), R^(h), halo, nitro, cyano, R^(i), —OR^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(i), —CO₂R^(i), —C(═O)R^(i), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(i), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(i), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(i), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(i), —S(═O)_(n)R^(i), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(i), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(i), —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(i), —OR^(e), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆NR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 8. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ is C₄₋₈alkyl, cyano, —OC₃₋₈alkyl, —OR^(i), —SR^(i), —N(R^(a))R^(i), —NHC₄₋₈alkyl, or —N(C₁₋₈alkyl)C₄₋₈alkyl.
 9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R⁴ is a partially saturated or unsaturated 9-membered bicyclic ring containing 1 atom selected from O and S, and 1, 2 or 3 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 10. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R⁴ is an unsaturated 10-membered bicyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 N atoms, wherein the ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from R^(f), R^(g), R^(c), nitro, cyano, —OR^(e), —OR^(g), —OC₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —OC₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), —NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)C₂₋₆alkylOR^(f), naphthyl, —CO₂R^(e), —C(═O)R^(e), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —C(═O)NR^(a)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(e), —NR^(f)C(═O)R^(g), —NR^(f)C(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(f)CO₂R^(e), —C₁₋₈alkylOR^(f), —C₁₋₆alkylNR^(a)R^(f), —S(═O)_(n)R^(e), —S(═O)₂NR^(a)R^(f), —NR^(a)S(═O)₂R^(e) and —OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(f), and the ring is additionally substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from Br, Cl, F and I.
 11. A compound according to claim 1 selected from the group of: (2S)-8-({2-{[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol; (5R)-N-[2-(6-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-methyl-L-prolinamide; 1-{4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperidine-4-carboxylic acid; 2-{[4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethanol; 3-amino-5-({2-({[(2R)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-({[(2R)-1-neopentylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-({[(2S)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-({[(2S)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-({[(2S)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-({2-[(2S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-(isobutyl{[(2S)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-[(2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-{[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-{[(1R)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-{[(1S)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-{[(1S)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({2-piperazin-1-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-({6-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-[(6-[(3S)-3-isobutyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-[(6-[2-[(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-[(6-[2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-[(6-[2-amino-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-[(6-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-[(6-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-{[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 3-amino-5-[(6-{4-[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one; 4-({2-({2-[(2S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-[(1-ethylpiperidin-3-yl)oxy]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-[(2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-[(2-methyl-2-piperidin-1-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-[2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-{[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-{[(1S)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-{[2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 4-({2-pyridin-4-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine; 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine; 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-methoxypyrimidin-4-amine; 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N˜4˜-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-N˜2˜-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine; 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N˜4˜-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-N˜2˜-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine; 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N˜4˜-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-N˜2˜-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine; 8-({2-({[(2R)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinolin-2-amine; 8-({2-{[1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)quinolin-2-amine; IUPAC Name; N-[4-({2-({[(2R)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({[(2R)-4-isobutylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({[(2R)-4-isopropylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({[(2S)-1-isobutylpiperidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({[(2S)-1-isobutylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({[(2S)-4-(cyclopropylmethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({[(3R)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperidin-3-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({[(3R)-1-isobutylpiperidin-3-yl]methyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({1-[(2S)-1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-methylethyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-({2-[(2S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}amino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(1-isobutyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(1-isopropyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(1-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(2-methyl-2-piperidin-1-ylpropyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(3R)-4-isobutyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(3R)-4-isopropyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(3S)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)amino]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[2-(2-ethylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[2-(4-fluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[3-(diethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-4-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-[3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(2-furyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1R)-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(2R)-piperidin-2-ylmethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(2S)-morpholin-2-ylmethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[(3R)-piperidin-3-ylmethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{2-[(3R)-3-fluoropiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-cyano-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-piperazin-1-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-pyrazin-2-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-pyridin-2-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-pyridin-3-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-[4-({2-pyridin-4-yl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide; N-{3-[({4-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]phenyl}methanesulfonamide; N-{4-[(6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-{2-[(2R)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]ethyl}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}acetamide; N-{4-[(6-{4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-2-{[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}acetamide; N˜1˜-{4-{[2-acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-N˜2˜,N˜2˜-dimethylglycinamide; Structure possibly contains peptides which are not supported in current version!; tert-butyl (2R)-2-[({4-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; tert-butyl (2R)-2-[({4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; tert-butyl (2R)-2-[({4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]morpholine-4-carboxylate; tert-butyl (2S)-2-[({4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; tert-butyl (2S)-4-(6-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-2-isobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate; tert-butyl (3R)-3-[({4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; tert-butyl 2-(6-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-2-{[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamate; tert-butyl 4-{4-[(3-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-5-yl)oxy]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-2-fluorophenylcarbamate; tert-butyl 4-{4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate; and tert-butyl 4-{4-{[2-(acetylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl]oxy}-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperazine-1-carboxylate; or any pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof.
 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier. 